Purpose: Evaluation of joints behavioral symmetry of the lower limbs to produce a smooth, rhythmic movement is one of the topics in the field of biomechanics of running. This study investigated joints local and global symmetry while jogging in young male athletes. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Random sampling method was used and the participants of the study included 15 healthy young male athletes (Mean± SD age=27. 14± 3. 67 years, Mean± SD height=176. 57± 5. 06 cm, Mean± SD weight=69. 84± 6. 13 kg). A 6-camera motion analysis system synchronized with 2 force plate devices and a 3D Marker-set were used for data collection. Participants ran with 155 bpm step frequency controlled by a metronome. After filtering the data, kinematic and kinetic parameters were calculated using inverse dynamics method and the calculated data were normalized based on body weight and 100% running gait cycle. Paired student t-test at the significance level of 0. 05 was used for determining the differences between the selected peaks of ankle, knee and hip joints moment of the dominant and Non dominant limbs. The principal component analysis technique was used on the support phase of the sagittal plane joint moment in order to compare and evaluate functional asymmetry and identify each joint (local symmetry) and lower limb actions (global symmetry). SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results: Based on the findings, there were no significant differences in spatio-temporal parameters of the dominant and Non dominant limbs. Although, principal component analysis detected different functional tasks for similar joints, the same tasks were identified for the lower limbs using this method. Conclusion: It seems that local asymmetry and global symmetry occurs during jogging in young male athletes and central nervous system compensatory mechanisms might play an important role in this matter.

We consider the unit tangent sphere bundle of Riemannian manifold (M, g) with g-natural metric ˜ G and we equip it to an almost contact B-metric structure. Considering this structure, we show that there is a direct correlation between the Riemannian curvature tensor of (M, g) and local symmetry property of ˜ G. More precisely, we prove that the flatness of metric g is necessary and sufficient for the g-natural metric ˜ G to be locally symmetric.

Dirac cone can be tilted in condensed matter setting. As a result of tilt, the Lorentz symmetry is reduced to what we call tilted-Lorentz symmetry. In this paper we derive the tilted-Lorentz transformations that leave a world with tilted Dirac cone invariant.

The Schwarzschild solution was obtained in 1916 as the first solution to Einstein’s field equations based on spherical symmetry, which was considered a new idea in the use of symmetry at the time. In this study, it is tried to reformulate the solutions of Einstein’s field equations with spherical symmetry in both the presence and absence of the cosmological constant based on the invariants (or first integrals) of the symmetry groups. The method used in this article is a combination of four well-known symmetries: Lie point symmetry, λ-symmetry, Darboux polynomials, and the extended Prelle-Singer method. In this method, to resolve the Schwarzschild problem, a combination of the mentioned symmetries is used in such a way that the independent invariants are obtained in a systematic and algorithmic way. Based on this, a symmetry theory is provided for us. With the help of this theory, one can use symmetries in the best possible way, far from any confusion, and achieve the desired solutions with a specific solution, which is to find independent invariants.

Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

The central issue of the present paper is the study of the causes of the mother tongue decline in the Sahne city in Kermanshah province. The issue of language is beyond the dialect of people and is refer to the form of life and the matter of macroeconomic and political relations. From this perspective, the form of life and the language associated with it explain the praxis of the members of the society. The appropriate method of examining the problem should be able to analyze the justification of agents to their situation, that is why Grounded Theory is chosen as the method of this research and data analysis is taken from abduction reasoning. The results of the analysis introduced the categories of globalizing, modernizing, de-use of language, economic necessity and the government as the most important factors of local language fading. In this essay the meaning of globalization is the globalizing of special type of economic relation that explain other categories role in the process of fading of languages.

On analyzing the Euclidean graph of fullerene C60, we have obtained the automorphism group of the Euclidean graphs of this molecule. It is proven that this group has order 120 and is isomorphic to Z2 x A5, where Z2 is a cyclic group of order 2 and A5 is the alternating group on five symbols.